Just an informational note for those who may consider use of the hookah to get their nicotine. See Shishani, K. et al. (2012). Hookah use: Going down in smoke. Journal Addictions Nursing, 23, 112-115. Here is a quote from the study: "Hookah smoke contains an abundance of chemicals known to be risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular disease. For example, the ratio of carbon monoxide (CO) to nicotine was 50:1, as compared to 16:1 for cigarettes.... In a recent interventional study, CO blood level was eight times more after smoking a hookah compared to levels before smoking... Other chemicals are found in higher concentrations in hookah smoke when compared to cigarette smoke, such as carcinogenic hydrocarbons (50 times higher) and volatile aldehydes." I can send you a copy of the reprint, if you wish. Email me at jwilliams@alcoholdrugsos.com. Comments, as always, are invited. 06/25/2012.